Giving some context

Carlo Daffara - Economics of public and private clouds

Will Containers Replace Hypervisors? Almost Certainly!

• containers as a deployment tool
• OS or app isolation?
• Homogeneous datacenter
• OpenStack?

Source: Randy Bias: will containers replace hypervisors? almost certainly!

k8s for everything?

Very interesting twitter thread:

Kubernetes is a great framework for building distributed systems, but that does not mean you need to use \ it for everything; or even at all.

— Kelsey Hightower (@kelseyhightower) 10 de junio de 2016

Infrastructure evolution

Infrastructure evolution

What's infrastructure?

Processing, interconnection and data storage equipment

Evolution

1. Physical servers
2. Virtual machines
3. Cloud infrastructure

Traditional infrastructure

• Equipment purchase
• Rack mount
• Physical connection to the network
• "Manual" OS installation and configuration
• Storage provided by NAS or SAN
• Static infrastructure
• Same configurations for years
• Users with no direct access

Virtual Machines

• Several VMs running on a physical machine
• VMs managed by the hypervisor
• VMs connected through virtual networks
• Without significant changes in storage
• Similar management to traditional infrastructure

Cloud Infrastructure

• Machines virtualization
• Network virtualization
• Storage virtualization
• Resource pooling
• Dynamic infrastructure
• Automatic configuration
• The user manages his or her own infrastructure

From public to private clouds

The NIST Definition: Essential characteristics

• On demand self-service
• Broad network access
• Resource pooling
• Rapid elasticity
• Measured service

The NIST Definition: Deployments models

• Public cloud
• Private Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud

The NIST Definition: Service model

• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

• Reference:

The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing

Kevin Remde: SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.. Oh my!

Serverless?

Source: A brief history of cloud compute: IAAS, PAAS, serverless.

Why a private cloud?

• Cloud management software can become the key element on every datacenter
• Public cloud are fine and an easy option for many cases, but what about ...
  • Privacy, Security, Control over data
  • Vendor lock-in
  • Customization
  • Performance
  • Overall Cost

Infrastructure as a Service

• Public cloud providers: AWS, GCE & Azure. Is there room for someone else?
• Private Cloud: Open Source platforms
• In this talk we will focus on IaaS and private cloud, mainly in an Open Source Cloud Platform called OpenStack

Cloud Infrastructure Services - Q1 2016

Source: Big Four Still Dominate in Q1 as Cloud Market Growth Exceeds 50%

Virtualization vs IaaS

Open Source Cloud Platforms

CloudStack

• Former cloud.com
• Purchased by citrix on 2011
• Donated to Apache Software Foundation on 2012
• Supports VMware, KVM, XenServer, XCP and Hyper-V
• Easy to use Web interface
• Claims to be compatible with AWS EC2 and S3 APIs
• Jan 2016: Citrix sells CloudPlatform, CloudPortal products to Accelerite
• http://cloudstack.apache.org/

Eucalyptus

• Oldest and most mature? Open Source Cloud platform
• Focus on AWS compatibility
• Licensing issues in the past (Open core?)
• Supports VMware, KVM and Xen
• euca2ools: AWS compatible CLI
• Developed by Eucalyptus Systems
• Eucalyptus Systems purchased by HP in Sept 2014
• http://www8.hp.com/us/en/cloud/helion-eucalyptus-overview.html

OpenNebula

• Data Center Virtualization Software
• Claims to be a VMware vCloud competitor
• Compatible with AWS EC2 API
• OpenNebula Marketplace
• Developed by OpenNebula Community
• Easier to install and configure?
• http://opennebula.org/

The numbers of the Open Cloud

See bitergia's talk at OpenStack Summit:

• https://speakerdeck.com/jgbarah/the-numbers-of-the-open-cloud-tokyo-edition
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jipTERrdt9E

Why OpenStack?

OpenStack

Open source software for creating private and public clouds

OpenStack Releases

OpenStack Releases

Collaborative development

• Bitergia makes different analysis about OpenStack development
• The Mitaka OpenStack mid-cycle quarterly report
• OpenStack activity dashboard
• OpenStack code contributions dashboard

OpenStack Foundation

• Founded to promote OpenStack development, distribution and adoption
• Open to everyone
• Free individual membership: Community member or Foundation member
• Companies can participate as Platinum members, Gold members, Corporate Sponsors or Supporting Organizations

OpenStack Foundation. Organization

• Technical Commitee (13 members elected by active developers)
• Board of directors: Strategic and financial oversight. 8 platinum members, 8 gold members and 8 individual members
• User commitee

OpenStack Principles

• All of the code for OpenStack is freely available under the Apache 2.0 license
• All available Hypervisors must be supported
• REST APIs and Open Image Format
• Open design process:
  • Blueprints
  • Public repositories (github)
• Commitment to drive and adopt open standards
• Open community and transparency
OpenStack Community. Welcome Guide

Why OpenStack?

• We want to manage our own software to provide IaaS
• Open Source
• Stable project, well supported by companies and with a promising future
• It has a lot of functionalities
• It works fine on conventional hardware
• Easy to install (ha!)

OpenStack architecture and components

Integrated release

• Development model up to OpenStack Kilo
• Official projects
• Incubated projects
• Coordinated release: 201X.Y
• Variable maturity
• Rest of the ecosystem

Big Tent

• "Refactorizing the community"
• More inclusive approach
• OpenStack project if its objectives and development models agree with OpenStack and is under the supervision of the TC
• OpenStack Project Teams
• Tags

OpenStack Services

OpenStack Services

OpenStack Project Navigator

OpenStack Modules

• Independent modules
• Written in Python and available on Github
• Oslo: OpenStack common libraries
• Database for component
• Comunication via API RESTful
• AMQP
• Integrated with tempest
• Included in devstack

Integrated in Kilo

New in Big Tent:

OpenStack components

Randy Bias - "Vanilla OpenStack" Doesn't Exist and Never Will

OpenStack Summits

• Organized every 6 months with thousands of participants:
  • The OpenStack Conference
  • The OpenStack Design Summit
• Videos available
• Next summits:
  • October 2016: Barcelona
  • May 2017: Boston

OpenStack summits

OpenStack in action

Basic Concepts

• Image: Preconfigured OS image ready to be launched
• Instance: Virtual machine that runs inside the cloud
• Flavor: Virtual machine specs (RAM, vCPUs, ...)
• Fixed IP: IP assigned when instance is launched and used for communication between instances
• Floating IP: Optional IP used for communication with networks outside the cloud
• Security group: Firewall rules associated to an instance

OpenStack at IES Gonzalo Nazareno

Using OpenStack

• https://albertomolina.wordpress.com/2013/11/20/how-to-launch-an-instance-on-openstack-i-horizon/
• https://albertomolina.wordpress.com/2013/11/20/how-to-launch-an-instance-on-openstack-ii-openstack-cli/
• https://albertomolina.wordpress.com/2013/11/20/how-to-launch-an-instance-on-openstack-iii-python-novaclient-library/

OpenStack and containers

OpenStack and containers

Multiple approaches:

• Kubernetes heat template
• Murano app
• nova-docker
• OpenStack Magnum
• OpenStack Kolla
• Complete integration example: OpenStack (Ironic, Neutron, Nova, Heat) + Mesos + Docker Mesos/Docker clusters with Ironic : A Match Made in Heaven

Private cloud administration

Cloud administration

• The main purpose of a system administrator is to keep applications up and running properly and never lost data
• In this area there are two differents profiles:
  • "Cloud application system administrator": Deploys and maintains applications running on the cloud
  • "Cloud system administrator": Manages the cloud platform

Cloud application system administrator

• Common to public or private clouds
• Overall knowledge of cloud resources
• REST APIs
• Cloud Orchestration: Cloudformation and Heat
• Image Management and transformation
• Instance life cycle
• Object Storage
• Block Storage
• Containers
• Monitoring
• Automation
• Configuration management

Cloud system administrator

• Not for juniors ;)
• Deep knowledge of underlying technologies: virtualization, networking and storage
• Monitoring
• Automation
• Configuration management